Understanding Diabetes and Its Risk Factors

Posted on December 11, 2020

Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that aids in the transport and use of carbohydrates, like simple sugar and starch, to generate energy, which is needed for daily life. Pre-diabetes is when your blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. This can be due to a lower insulin level than what your body requires. It can also put you at greater risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke.

Understanding diabetes and its risk factors may help you prevent it, as well as control it if you have the disease. Here’s what to know:

Diabetes Testing and Care

If you have any of the above risk factors or questions about diabetes, talk to your primary care provider (PCP). A blood test can be done that measures your glucose levels, which can tell if you have diabetes or pre-diabetes. If you have diabetes, you and your PCP can work together in the following ways to help manage your disease:

• Hemoglobin A1c testing (coordinating lab testing prior to your office visit, so results can be discussed during the visit)
• Retinal eye exams (should be scheduled annually and completed by an eye care specialist)
• Urine protein testing for nephropathy (testing can be completed at any office visit)
• Blood pressure measurement (regular monitoring for control—less than 140/90; can also be measured at home and self-reported via telehealth visit)
• For an accurate reading when checking blood pressure at home, be sure to:
  – Empty your bladder first (full bladder adds 10 mm Hg)
  – Use the correct cuff size and put it on your bare arm
  – Support your arm on a table/desk at heart level
  – Keep your legs uncrossed and do not talk

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